![]() So how do you know when to cite sources and when not to bother? This is the best advice: Whenever your writing is based on or influenced by sources, you must cite those sourcesĪnd provide full bibliographical material. Ideas or information from any source constitutes plagiarism. Technically, however, failure to document Some teachers mayĮven tell you not to bother with bibliographical information for a source if it is They make brief references to one or two sources in a short essay. Students wonder if they should bother with it at other times - for instance, when Since documentation is frequently taught only for research papers or term papers, Your Bibliography or Works Cited should include complete bibliographicalĮntries so that a reader could easily find the sources in the library. You must indicate in your text which words, ideas, or information you have derivedįrom sources. Material is not enclosed in quotation marks. The passage phrase by phrase, and rephrasing the author's words in your own. Taking short passages from a source, restating the content of the passage, reconstructing Words, and using them in your own written work. Taking lengthy passages from a source, reformulating or outlining them in your own These words need to begin and conclude with a quotation mark. Taking from another source the exact words of the author and using them in your own You must document quotations, summaries, and paraphrases. In a sense, you provide references to the "documents" upon which Through careful documentation, you indicate where the information or ideas in your That you are carefully giving credit where credit is due. It shows that you are participating critically in a scholarly conversation with others.Īt the same time, documentation demonstrates your own academic integrity by showing Of academic "dependency" is really a sign of scholarly strength, not weakness, because Others have written on the subject and that you have considered their work. Shows that you are not thinking in a vacuum rather, it shows you have studied what Citing sourcesĪlso supports your own credibility as a writer and researcher. The chance to seek further information from the sources themselves. Sources, you show your indebtedness to the work of others, and you give your reader Sun, "Chinese Feel the Strain of a New Society," Washington Post 13 June 1993: A1.ĭocumenting your sources provides essential information for your reader. If you are citing an article in a daily newspaper:ĩ Lena H.Johnson, "A Distinctiveness Model of Serial Learning," Psychological Review 98.2 (1991): 208. If you are citing an article from a journal that begins each issue with page 1:Ĩ G.J.If you are citing an article in a journal that continues its page numbers throughoutħ Gabriel Segal, "Seeing What Is Not There," Philosophical Review 98 (1989): 200.If you are citing an article in a monthly magazine:Ħ John Lukacs, "The End of the Twentieth Century," Harper's Jan.If the author is not given, begin with the title:Ĥ The Times Atlas of the World, 9th ed.(New York: Times, 1992) 135.ĥ "Croatia," The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia, 1991.Medhurst et al., Cold War Rhetoric: Strategy, Metaphor, and Ideology (New York: Greenwood, 1990) 52. If you are citing a book having four or more authors, use the Latin et al.:ģ Martin J.If you are citing a book having two or three authors:Ģ Barbara Rico and Sandra Mano, American Mosaic: Multicultural Readings in Context (Boston: Houghton, 1991) 121.If you are citing a book with one author:ġ Jane Tompkins, West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns (New York: Oxford UP, 1992) 22.Here are some examples of footnotes and endnotes: Professor), but in many courses it has been replaced by the three documentation formatsĭescribed here. That system of documentation is preferred in some Skidmore courses (check with your May have included everything you read, even if you never referred to it in your text. Perhaps you used the system in which you placed footnotesĪt the bottom of each page or endnotes at the end of the paper your bibliography You already may be familiar with some form of documentation that you used in preparing Documentation and Plagiarism What is documentation?
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